It is so difficult to be objective.





npr wrote:"These two groups start to polarize as soon as you start to describe some of the potential benefits and harms," Braman says.
The individualists tended to like nanotechnology. The communitarians generally viewed it as dangerous. Both groups made their decisions based on the same information.
"It doesn't matter whether you show them negative or positive information, they reject the information that is contrary to what they would like to believe, and they glom onto the positive information," Braman says.
npr wrote:"Basically the reason that people react in a close-minded way to information is that the implications of it threaten their values,"
npr wrote:"If the implication, the outcome, can affirm your values, you think about it in a much more open-minded way," he says.

The Cultural Cognition Project is a group of scholars interested in studying how cultural values shape public risk perceptions and related policy beliefs. Cultural cognition refers to the tendency of individuals to conform their beliefs about disputed matters of fact (e.g., whether global warming is a serious threat; whether the death penalty deters murder; whether gun control makes society more safe or less) to values that define their cultural identities. Project members are using the methods of various disciplines -- including social psychology, anthropology, communications, and political science -- to chart the impact of this phenomenon and to identify the mechanisms through which it operates. The Project also has an explicit normative objective: to identify processes of democratic decisionmaking by which society can resolve culturally grounded differences in belief in a manner that is both congenial to persons of diverse cultural outlooks and consistent with sound public policymaking.





A critical cog in the machinery that drives the theory of global warming is a small white box not too far from where you live. Inside the box sits a thermometer that tracks the local temperature, which in turn becomes part of a data trail for the monitoring of climate change on Earth.
But there's a problem: Nearly every single weather station the U.S. government uses to measure the country's surface temperature may be compromised. Sensors that are supposed to be in empty clearings are instead exposed to crackling electronics and other unlikely sources of heat, from exhaust pipes and trash-burning barrels to chimneys and human graves.
The National Climate Data Center (NCDC) uses this massive network of sensors to determine daily highs and lows at the 1,219 weather stations in its Historical Climatology Network (HCN). The network has existed since 1892, but only in the last decade has it come under intense scrutiny to determine whether the figures it measures can be trusted.
For the past three years, a group of zealous laymen has visited and photographed nearly every one of the weather stations to determine whether they have been placed properly. And what they found is a stunning disregard for the government's own rules: 90 percent of the sensors are too close to potential sources of heat to pass muster, including some very odd sources indeed:
• A sensor in Redding, Calif., is housed in a box that also contains a halogen light bulb, which could emit warmth directly onto the gauge.
• A sensor in Hanksville, Utah, sits directly atop a gravestone, which is not only macabre but also soaks up the sun's heat and radiates it back to the thermometer at night.
• A sensor in Marysville, Calif., sits in a parking lot at a fire station right next to an air conditioner exhaust, a cell phone tower and a barbecue grill.
• A sensor in Tahoe City, Calif., sits near a paved tennis court and is right next to a "burn barrel" that incinerates garbage.
• A sensor in Hopkinsville, Ky., is sheltered from the wind by an adjoining house and sits above an asphalt driveway.
• Dozens of sensors are located at airports and sewage treatment plants, which produce "heat islands" from their sprawling seas of asphalt and heavy emissions.
"So far we've surveyed 1,062 of them," said Anthony Watts, a meteorologist who began the tracking effort in 2007. "We found that 90 percent of them don't meet [the government's] old, simple rule called the '100-foot rule' for keeping thermometers 100 feet or more from biasing influence. Ninety percent of them failed that, and we've got documentation."
Watts, who has posted pictures of the sensors on his Web site, SurfaceStations.org, says he believes that the location of the sensors renders their recorded temperatures inaccurate, which in turn brings some of the data behind global warming theory into question.
"It's asinine to think that this wouldn't have some kind of an effect," Watts told FoxNews.com.
But climate scientists who analyze the data say that they are able to account and adjust for the faulty locations by comparing warming trends they spot at bad sites to trends they see at good ones.
"If you use only the sites that currently have good siting versus those that have not-so-good siting, when you look at the adjusted data basically you get the same trend," said Jay Lawrimore, chief of the climate monitoring branch at NCDC.
Lawrimore admitted that Watts' volunteers had discovered real problems with sensor siting, but he said that even when those sites' heat readings were adjusted down, they still showed a steady overall rise in temperatures.
"The ultimate conclusion, the bottom line is that there really isn't evidence that the trends have a bias based on the current siting," he said.
And surface station data is only a small subset of information confirming the warming of the climate, Lawrimore said.
Changes in air temperature, water temperature, glacier melt, plant flowering, tree growth and species migration, among many others, show the same worldwide trend -- a 0.7 degree Celsius jump (1.2 degrees Fahrenheit) in the past century.
"There's a certain amount of uncertainty in the calculation of trends, but not to the extent that we don't know the climate is warming," he said.
Watts readily agrees that temperatures are on the rise worldwide, but he believes the magnitude of the increase is in question, and he says his research puts the 1.2-degree global figure in doubt.
But a team of three climatologists has completed a study of Watts' data on HCN siting and found the warming trend to be confirmed.
In fact, the three NCDC scientists, Matthew Menne, Claude Williams and Michael Palecki, say they found that instrument updates in the 1980s have created a cooling bias, and that adjusted and cleaned up data from even the bad sites is "extremely well aligned" with measurements from instruments that meet the "highest standards for climate monitoring."
"We find no evidence that the [contiguous U.S.] temperature trends are inflated due to poor station siting," reads the study, which is set to be published in a forthcoming volume of the "Journal of Geophysics Research -- Atmospheres."
"It's all objective analysis based on statistics," said Matthew Menne, the lead author of the study.
But Menne's study was conducted using information on only 43 percent of the weather stations. Watts, who has now compiled information on 80 percent of the stations and cleaned up his old information, contends that a more complete data set would furnish different results, and he plans to conduct a study of his own under the aegis of Roger Pielke Sr., a research scientist at the University of Colorado in Boulder.
A better test of the network's data is on the horizon. In the past eight years, the NOAA has established a hi-tech system that sends information via satellite and abides by all of its own rules for siting. Each sensor is ideally placed in open areas far from other structures, a fact that pleases both government scientists and longstanding critics like Watts.
"I'm convinced that the new system, the Climate Reference Network, will provide a reasonably accurate set of readings," Watts said.
But data has only begun to be collected from CRN, a regional network of just 114 climate sensors that went fully online in 2008. It will take at least a decade, and as many as 30 years, until the information it collects becomes statistically significant.
In the meantime, and for many years past, the challenged data from NCDC has been providing information for a number of top climate research centers, including the U.N.'s International Panel on Climate Change, NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and the Hadley Climate Research Unit, headed until recently by Phil Jones, who resigned in the wake of the climate-gate scandal.
With mounting pressure on climate research facilities, scientists at the NCDC hope that their data won't be discounted because of the troubling images Watts has compiled.
"These photos show a current snapshot of these stations," said Menne. "We wouldn't want to dismiss 100 years of climate records based on a photograph from the year 2009."


Merlyn wrote:Keep your labels to yourself.


Merlyn wrote:FIRST: before anyone misreads my post here YES GLOBAL WARMING IS A DANGER.
This post is by a person who spent 15 years fighting pollution on the front lines of the automobile market as an emissions compliance officer..
I can agree with the article to a point, then I have to point out what is left unsaid (as usual)
Here is why.
Politicians are involved, and have tried to say they care;
Where is the problem?
We the people have been protesting pollution for 40 years. We have been taxed in the name of cap and trade for 20 years. We have been out-sourced and lost our jobs to help clean the air, but find out the pollution just gets worse and we get ripped off. We find out our jobs are being done in sweatshops, as slave labor and worse! And the pollution is not only worse, the shipping of goods makes an entire new industry out of polluting the ocean, air and land.
Here is the real truth;
The public is very skeptical. And we have every good reason to be.
I do not believe this article. Because I find most people agree that the entire earth is being ruined by pollution, and everyone believes that global warming is real in one way or another.
What people do not believe is governments which have for decades used us, lied to us and betrayed us to such an extent we can no longer afford our homes. We can no longer feed our families. We have been forced off our farms, and we have been cheated out of our money we paid for decades to get this problem fixed! We have had our retirement stolen, we have seen our savings devalued, we have lost our very homes! and they ask us to trust them!
Now they want us all to believe them. They want to tax us even more and we have no jobs, no money and they spend trillions to ensure government jobs only OUT OF OUR POCKETS.
That is a tall order, it is NOT the fault of the general public.
Put the blame where it belongs I say.
Before this global warming issue will get off the ground the governments of all countries have some crow to eat.
If they take responsibility, they will stop keeping us from our jobs, stop out-sourcing and stop killing every eco-friendly way to clean our earth.
They will stop using right vs left as excuse to do nothing, they will stop making simple solutions impossible for our capitalist system to put into place and get this global warming under control, and they will stop funding large oil, nuclear and gas that literally strangles every effort we have all made to abate global suicide.
If they do this, they will find we believe them again.
until they do this and until they free up our economy which is poised, experienced, ready and willing to attack pollution from every source, nothing will get done.
Ask anyone.
This is my opinion, but I bet you will find it is the root cause of distrust in global warming.
Why is this very real problem omitted from every single thing?
Because it is the real problem with climate-gate, the trust is long gone from every angle and now they cry wolf!
Merlyn
Is not something that happens everyday, so I want to celebrate it

Speaker's Corner February 2009
Thanks Aelfarh,

Merlyn wrote:The public is understandably skeptical. The scientist is left most likely feeling helpless.
How do we bridge the gap?
Merlyn
DJ Droood wrote:we have all met loving and generous "conservatives" and mean little dillwad lefties.
Merlyn wrote:I do not believe this article.
Merlyn wrote:Because I find most people agree that the entire earth is being ruined by pollution, and everyone believes that global warming is real in one way or another.
Merlyn wrote:This is my opinion, but I bet you will find it [mistrust in government] is the root cause of distrust in global warming.

Merlyn wrote:The public is understandably skeptical. The scientist is left most likely feeling helpless.
How do we bridge the gap?
Merlyn
DJ Droood wrote:we have all met loving and generous "conservatives" and mean little dillwad lefties.
Merlyn wrote:I do not believe this article.
Merlyn wrote:Because I find most people agree that the entire earth is being ruined by pollution, and everyone believes that global warming is real in one way or another.
Merlyn wrote:This is my opinion, but I bet you will find it [mistrust in government] is the root cause of distrust in global warming.

Kernos wrote:What do you mean by 'most'? In the US a significant number of people do not 'believe' in anthropogenic global warming. Since the snow storms of this winter, this number has increased. And I would postulate that 'most' of the people in the US are not willing to make the life style changes necessary to halt and reverse the greenhouse effect (if it is not too late). Thus the politicians act as they do so they can get reëlected.
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